With the modern development of medicine and a lot of research conducted, scientists are unable to fully determine the true causes of the development of squamous lichen. Psoriasis is a disorder of the skin and tissues surrounding the joints. The disease is characterized by a non-infectious course, with the appearance of papules and red spots, prone to fusion. These formations are dry, scaly, rise above the surface of the skin and represent a chronic and localized process. Microscopy determines a significant number of keratinocytes, cells of the immune system (T lymphocytes and macrophages), with abundant growth of the vascular network.
Psoriasis and its causes, with this development of medicine, are actively studied, but no one determines the final cause of the appearance.
Scientists identify several main bases for the development of the disease:
- Genetics- the hereditary theory of the onset of psoriasis is based on the fact that if ancestors or close relatives have this disease, the risk of it occurring in subsequent generations is 25% ifone of the parents is sick. With the development of the disease in both parents, the risk of it occurring in the offspring rises to 70%. A possible option is when a healthy child is born to sick parents, but after a while, under the influence of the above factors, the disease develops in him.
- Immune Defect- By examining the histological material of patients with psoriasis, scientists identified an excessive accumulation of diseased immune cells in the epidermal layers. At the same time, specific antibodies were found, and in the superficial layers of the epidermis - Munro microabscesses (accumulation of intercellular fluid, leukocytes, macrophages). A general blood test shows an increase in the number of leukocytes (T-helpers), all this speaks of the autoimmune nature of the disease.
- Viral lesion- in this case, it means retrovirus infection. This strain inserts its own tRNA chain into the host cell, replacing its genetic code with a viral one. Which manifests itself in an excessive production and multiplication of immature and undifferentiated cells of the dermis.
An interesting fact is that antipsoriatic treatment according to the autoimmune theory aims to reduce the number of immune cells, including T-helpers. In the presence of psoriasis in people infected with HIV / AIDS, the number of these cells falls to the limit values and increases the risk of developing psoriasis. Further investigation of this fact can completely refute the autoimmune theory of psoriasis development.
Psoriasis development factors
What are the causes of psoriasis? There are several provoking factors that negatively affect the body:
- Stress- this factor is the trigger for psoriatic rashes and the final link, under the influence of which the rash decreases. This factor is one of the main ones, since the onset of psoriasis in 50% of cases occurs precisely due to overwork, psychological trauma and nervous tension. With the onset of psoriasis remission, any mental shock can provoke a relapse;
- Infections- a group of diseases, with the development of which primary foci of psoriatic rash appeared. Such diseases include: all infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bacterial and fungal infections affecting the skin, mononucleosis. In patients with psoriasis, the presence of an increased amount of pathogenic microflora (beta-hemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus) was determined. Candidiasis is a fungal infectious process in which psoriasis most often develops;
- External influence- a rather large number of patients associate the appearance of psoriasis with external physical factors. Most often they are: mechanical trauma to the skin, burns, hypothermia and frostbite;
- Endocrinopathies: This group of diseases is accompanied by impaired functioning of the body as a whole. This factor is found more often in the female sex, due to the frequent changes in hormone levels in relation to growth, pregnancy, menstruation, menopause. In patients with diabetes mellitus, metabolism is significantly disrupted, while a constant excess of glucose negatively affects human tissues and organs, provoking the development of other diseases;
- Toxins: Acts as another cause of psoriasis on the body. Its appearance is associated with food poisoning, work in factories or factories, abuse of certain products (citrus, coffee, chocolate). Alcohol and smoking, with their toxic effects, cause many diseases, including psoriasis;
- The pathogenetic effect includesdrug intake.A small number of patients have been shown to develop psoriasis while taking the following drugs: NSAIDs, beta-blockers, fortified drugs (vitamins C, B, D), cytostatics, antibiotics (cephalosporins).
Prevention of psoriasis
Many factors contribute to the development of psoriasis. The basic theory has not yet been determined and any prevention measures should be comprehensive, comprehensively targeted. Patients should reconsider their lifestyle. If necessary, change your place of residence to a more environmentally friendly area.
It is recommended to avoid stressful situations. It is possible to take antidepressants and sedatives. The diet should include more fiber, hypoallergenic fruits and vegetables, meat, fish. When treating concomitant pathologies, it is imperative to abandon bad habits, consult a doctor about replacing therapy. Take treatment courses in specialized sanatoriums.